See also RPR
(Resilient Packet Ring)
as alternatives to spanning
trees, 407
benefits of, 355
rings
congestion control in, 335??“336
traffic on, 14??“15
ROADM (reconfigurable OADM)
node, role in fiber networks,
206??“208
root bridge of spanning tree, failure
of, 402
router interfaces, development for
SONET, 303
routers and switches, relationship
between, 116
routing versus bridging, 380??“381
RPR (Resilient Packet Ring).
See also ring topologies
application of, 357??“358
deployment scenarios for, 359??“360
design of, 360
drivers for, 355??“356
economic assessment of, 361??“364
fairness algorithms in, 356, 358
features of, 327??“329
fiber route savings in, 362??“364
layer model for, 331
limitations of, 358??“359
lower CapEx associated with, 362
and management, 330??“331
mapping to SONET/SDH, 354
and multiservice support, 330
and network convergence,
369??“370
ongoing developments in, 360??“361
optical port and equipment
savings in, 364
overview of, 329
physical interface of, 353??“355
point-to-point connections in, 361
and QoS (Quality of Service),
330??“331
QoS (Quality of Service) in, 358
reconciliation sublayers related
to, 353??“355
and reliability, 330??“331
ring structure of, 332
and scalability, 330??“331
topology discovery and protection,
340??“342
use with SONET, 318
RPR frames
types of, 351??“353
wrap eligibility (we) bit in, 342
RPR MAC specification
topology data base built by, 344
transmission services in, 333
RPR OAM, services provided by,
346??“347
RPR service providers
in Asia, 371??“372
in Europe, 372
in North America, 369
RPR solution, support for,
506??“511, 513
RPR solutions
adoption by organizations,
369??“372
vendors of, 365??“369
RPR stations and networks,
implementation
of, 349??“350
RSVP-TE signaled LSP,
establishing, 431??“432
S
SA (Source Address) in Ethernet
frame, bytes and description
of, 7
saControl field in fairness frames,
purpose of, 353
SANs (storage area networks), using
fiber technologies in, 224??“225
SASs (Smart Antenna Systems), use
with WiMAX, 482
S-CDMA physical layer, relationship
to DOCSIS physical layer, 152
scintillation
definition of, 239
occurrence in FSO systems,
245??“246
SDH (Synchronous Digital
Hierarchy)
signal rates and capacities
for, 301
standardization of, 300
security filters, use with Ethernet
frames, 69
Selective Wrap Independent
Steer (SWIS), role
in RPR, 342
service delivery, reduced cost
of, 37
service flows in WiMAX, types of,
472??“473
Index 547
service frame delivery attributes
overview of, 67??“68
and VLAN tag support, 68
service frames
color mode and color marking of,
63??“64
management of, 63
Service Interworking Network-to-
Network Interface
(SI-NNI), definition of, 60
service layer, OAM at, 88
service management
and hybrid fiber-coax, 157
role in Carrier Ethernet, 53
service models, evolution of, 194
service multiplexing, overview of, 68
service provider companies,
starting, 113
service provider networks
Ethernet in, 46??“47
separation of, 90
service providers
benefits of Ethernet beyond LAN
to, 28??“29
benefits of Ethernet to, 35??“39
and Carrier Ethernet, 99
connection to, 25, 27
customer retention by, 37??“38
versus customer VLAN tags, 68
deployment in metro and wide
area, 123
emergence of, 26??“27
implementations of carrier
Ethernet services by, 112
model for Ethernet services,
57??“58
offerings of, 106??“109
profits realized by, 38
role in LANs, 22
transport technologies employed
by, 124
services.
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