3ah, 135??“136
Multipoint-to-Multipoint EVC,
designation as E-LINE
service, 70
Multiprotocol Label Switching
(MPLS) protocol, development
of, 421??“422
multi-protocol label switching
(MPLS), relationship to EoS,
318??“319
multi-segment pseudowires
(MS-PW), forwarding, 442
Multi-Service Access (MSAs)
platforms, TDM-centricity
of, 267
multi-service provisioning platform
(MSPP), features of, 285
MVRP (Multiple VLAN Registration
Protocol)
capabilities of, 394
pruning VLANs with, 382
N
network convergence
and Ethernet over MPLS, 451
relationship to RPR, 369??“370
Network Interface Card (NIC),
relationship to Physical layer, 4
Network Interworking Network-to-
Network Interface (NI-NNI),
definition of, 60
network layers
elimination of, 176
gaps between, 172
network termination elements
(NTEs), use with Carrier
Ethernet, 96
networks
redundant paths in, 402
trend toward simplification of, 107
NIC (Network Interface Card),
relationship to Physical layer, 4
NI-NNI (Network Interworking
Network-to-Network Interface),
definition of, 60
NNIs (Network-to-Network
Interfaces)
role in Carrier Ethernet, 60
and UNI, significance of, 47??“49
Nortel, RPR solutions offered by, 368
North America, RPR service
providers in, 369
NTEs (network termination
elements), use with Carrier
Ethernet, 96
NTT Communications, Ethernet
services offered by, 108
O
OADM (optical add-drop multiplexer)
designs, development of, 205
OAM (Operations, Administration,
and Maintenance)
at connectivity layer, 88
considering, 42??“43
development of, 86??“88
and EFM (Ethernet First Mile),
91??“92
in EPONs, 165??“172
implementation of, 171
and ITU Y.
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