0, 154
AIS (Alarm Indication Signal)
relationship to OAM, 89??“90
troubleshooting Ethernets with, 91
ALNP (Aggregate Link and Node
Protection), explanation of, 84
APONs (asynchronous transfer
mode PONs), development of,
163??“164
Applications layer of reference
model, explanation of, 125
architectural layers. See also
reference model
DLL (Data Link Layer), 4
LLC (Logical Link Control)
Sublayer, 5
MAC (Media Access Control)
sublayer, 5
Physical layer, 4
Asia
high-speed connections in, 119
RPR service providers in, 371??“372
Asia Pacific, Ethernet service
revenues of, 109
ASTN (Automatic Switched
Transport), support for, 211
AT&T, expansion of Ethernet
services by, 108
ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)
bandwidth considerations, 32??“33
comparing to Ethernet, Frame
Relay, and TDM, 26
failed challenge of, 20??“21
investment in, 124
ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode),
failed challenge of, 20??“21
ATM traffic, growth of, 120
atmospheric effects, impact on FSO
systems, 243??“245
atmospheric scintillation, reducing
effect of, 239
B
backbone bridges. See also bridges
advantages of, 399
frames carried across, 395??“396
and I-components, 396??“397
using multiple paths for
customers??™ data, 401??“402
using single path for customers??™
data, 400??“401
bandwidth
distribution by RPR MAC, 328
efficiency in hybrid fiber-coax,
154??“155
of Ethernet in LANs and service
provider networks, 46
fairness procedure in MAC
reference model, 334??“340
guarantees relative to circuit
bonding, 277
increasing over SHDSL, 133
next step in, 524??“525
rising needs for, 108, 137
and RPR (Resilient Packet Ring),
361??“362
scalability and flexibility of, 32??“33
Bandwidth Profile service attribute
for CoS (Class of Service), 66
definition by MEF, 62??“65
enforcement of, 64
beamwidth, role in FSO systems,
238??“240
BFD (Bidirectional Forwarding
Detection), relationship to
MPLS protection, 428??“429
BGP VPLS, advantage of, 445
bidirectional communication,
allowing in hybrid
fiber-coax, 150
big pipe architecture, benefit to
transmission systems, 282
bits
cost per, 40
lowering cost per, 107
Boggs, David, 12
BPDUs (Bridge Protocol Data
Units), use of, 10
bridge gateways, using, 404??“407
bridge ports, output queues for, 383
bridged networks, linking, 375??“376
bridges.
Pages:
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182