Additionally, the wireless sector is seeing very strong growth with the induction of
3.5G technologies and new service types. Most notably, web access and video streaming
/casting are the key bandwidth drivers, and wireless operators are also converging
to IP/Ethernet packet-switching architectures. However, most wireless access devices,
such as base-station controllers, still use older T1/E1 private lines for data backhaul
over SONET/SDH networks. Here, related legacy private line service costs can consume
about 40??“60 percent of a typical wireless operator??™s operational expenditures,
226 Chapter 8
and these costs are becoming a big bottleneck with increased content volumes. As a
result, Gigabit Ethernet is now becoming the preferred interface for cellular backhaul
and future evolutions to 4G may very well drive 10 Gigabit Ethernet rates. Clearly
point-to-point EoF and EoWDM will provide a strong fit for low-latency/high-reliability
data backhaul between wireless access and core sites.
Point-of-Presence (PoP) Scenarios
Many large ISPs and carrier backbones consist of IP routers and/or MPLS label switching
routers (LSR) deployed at large point of presence (PoP) locations.
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