Notable examples of such form factors include gigabit
interface converters (GBIC), small factor pluggables (SFP), XENPAK, X2, and XFP.
Specifically, the GBIC design was originally adopted from Fibre Channel and subsequent
improvements (halving of size) led to the SFP transceiver. In terms of optical Ethernet
interfaces, the GBIC and SFP modules support Gigabit Ethernet, whereas the others
support 10 Gigabit Ethernet. In particular, hot-pluggable XENPAK modules are available
for all 10 Gbps media types (MMF and SMF). Collectively, these interfaces allows
carriers to couple ports seamlessly on DWDM systems (OTM, OADM, and OXC) with
any type of client signal (Ethernet, SONET/SDH, Fibre Channel, and so on). In addition,
these compact designs help reduce footprint density and associated co-location costs.
NOTE 10 Gigabit Ethernet is also being adapted for very short-reach data center and
even intrasystem backplane applications. For example, the 10G Base-LX4 standard
uses a four-wavelength parallel interface over a single fiber pair. Meanwhile others
variants are even extending interconnectivity over non-fiber media types, such as twinaxial
cables (10G Base-CX4) and unshielded twisted pair (UTP) copper (10G Base-T
with 100 m reach).
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