The implementation
details on this particular table are left open, allowing for greater flexibility and the
addition of proprietary solutions.
Drivers for This Solution
In recent years, we have witnessed groundbreaking developments in the area of optical
networking, especially with the emergence of such advanced transmission technologies
as dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM), inline optical amplification
in the form of erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA), optical path routing (wavelength
cross-connecting), wavelength add-drop multiplexers (WADM), high-speed switching,
and so on??”all of which were quickly adopted in core networks and WANs, boosting the
transmission capacity of the telecommunications backbone and increasing its reliability.
Simultaneously, LANs made a huge step forward by upgrading the existing infrastructure
from 10 Mbps Ethernet lines to typically 100 Mbps or even 1 Gbps solutions, courtesy of a
new Gigabit Ethernet standard recently adopted by the IEEE [2].
An increasing number of households are in possession of more than one personal
computer, typically internetworked using home area networks (HANs) based on LAN
solutions, with low-cost Ethernet switches and hubs being the devices of choice for
Passive Optical Networks (PONs) 173
such limited connectivity systems.
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