998.2)
applicable to any xDSL
2005
Ethernet encapsulation
added to ADSL2+, VDSL2, etc.
2006
SHDSL (G.991.2)
2001
E-SHDSL (G.991.2.bis)
2004
VDSL (G.993.1)
2004
Bonding
144 Chapter 5
Economic Assessment
The Mid-Band Ethernet EFM technologies are proving to be the most cost-effective
on-ramp to the Ethernet/MPLS metro networks.
In general, traditional service providers can address the Ethernet access problem
with wireless technologies, fiber-based technologies, or copper-based technologies.
Although wireless technologies do not require much wired infrastructure and can thus
be deployed quickly, they generally have serious deficiencies when targeted at highvalue
services??”cost and reliability. Wireless alternatives have fairly high capital costs
and offer solutions that can be affected by weather, line of sight, or other disturbers
in the same wireless frequencies (in the unregulated wireless spectrum). For carriers
trying to offer business services, or even reliable triple-play services, wireless access
technologies are not a strong solution. They may be fine for simple best effort Internet
access, but they are difficult to market as a high-margin reliable service offering.
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