Metcalfe??™s employer,
formalizing the advent of Ethernet.
The benefits of CSMA/CD Ethernet soon became obvious, and in 1979, Digital
Equipment Corporation (DEC) and Intel partnered with Xerox to commercialize the
technology??”with DEC building the hardware (the Network Interface Cards) and Intel
providing the semiconductor chips. They were, however, persuaded by Dr. Metcalfe
and his associates, to make the technology publicly available and, therefore, avoid an
Ethernet monopoly. To their credit, the three companies agreed to this enlightened21
proposal and published the DIX standard,22 the first Ethernet specifications for 10 Mbps
transmission based on the CSMA/CD protocol; a second version of this specification was
published in 1982. In the meantime, Dr. Metcalfe and others were also working with the
nonprofit Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) to develop an open
industry standard.
In 1983, the IEEE released the first truly open industry standard for Ethernet,
???IEEE 802.3 Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Access
Method and Physical Layer Specifications.??? Developed by the 802.
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