[47] See Sura _Jehad_; also _Annals of the Early Caliphate_, p.
167, _et. seq._
[48] _Annals of the Early Caliphate_, p. 105, _et. seq._
[49] See _Annals_, etc., p. 253.
[50] Sura ix, v. 30.
[51] So Jews and Christians as possessing the Bible are named
in the Koran.
[52] See _Annals_, etc., p. 213.
[53] _The Apology of Al Kindy_, written at the court of Al
Mamun A.H. 215 (A.D. 830), with an essay on its age and authorship, p.
12. Smith & Elder, 1882.
[54] _Ibid._, p. 34.
[55] _Apology_, p. 47, _et. seq._
[56] Alluding to the "_Ansar_," or mortal "Helpers" of Mohammed
at Medina. Throughout, the apologist, it will be observed, is drawing a
contrast with the means used for the spread of Islam.
[57] _Apology_, p. 16.
[58] _Apology_, p. 57.
[59] I am not here comparing the value of these observances
with those of other religions. I am inquiring only how far the
obligations of Islam may be held to involve hardship or sacrifice such
as might have retarded the progress of Islam by rendering it on its
first introduction unpopular.
[60] See Sura ii, v. 88.
[61] Sura iv, 18. "Exchange" is the word used in the Koran.
[62] Each of his widows had 100,000 golden pieces left her.
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